One of the most classic experiments in the history of psychology is “the marshmallow test.” In the 1960’s, Stanford professor Walter Mischel placed a marshmallow in front of a group of four-year-olds and told them, “I have to leave for a few minutes. You can eat the marshmallow now, but if you can wait until I’m back, you can get TWO marshmallows.”
You can see an amazing video of these kids’ struggle between immediate gratification and long-term happiness here.
For decades now, people have used the marshmallow test as an indicator of long-term success. Those who were able to wait on the marshmallow tended to be more competent across a variety of fields, including social, emotional and academic disciplines.
The problem is that long-term success often comes at the cost of short-term pleasure. We want to lose weight, but that means forgoing dessert. We want to have a clean house, but that means less time watching television. We want to start our day bright and early, but that means leaving our comfy bed when it’s still cold and dark.
That’s why an update on the marshmallow test can help us move beyond this false dichotomy. Nick Tasler, in a post on Psychology Today, shares that some new research suggests that if we can find small pleasures on the road to long-term happiness, we’ll be more like to stay on the path.
As he says,
[T]he number one predictor of work engagement is a phenomenon…call[ed] “the progress principle.” At work, we throw ourselves into challenging projects not because our boss blankets us with warm fuzzies or because we think it will add another zero to the east side of our paycheck. More than anything else, people stay engaged in hard work when they feel like they are making progress on a project that matters…
The secret to success in the marshmallow test of life and work is not about delaying gratification. It is about discovering gratificatio
Motivation can be hard to come by, and while our rational brains might tell us what we ultimately want, our emotional brains are the ones making the minute-by-minute decisions. We need to harness the emotional power of gratification in the short-term in order to achieve the desires we want for the long-term.
In Judaism, there’s a concept called the yetzer hara, often called “the evil inclination,” but is more accurately described as a desire for immediate gratification. It’s the part of us that wants pleasure NOW, whether that is for sex, for food, or for power. Obviously, these desires can lead us down a path that is unproductive at best, and unethical at worst.
But there’s also a text that says, “Were it not for the yetzer hara, no one would build a house, take a wife or beget children.” While we do want to work towards long-term and abstract goals, it’s often the short-term and concrete pleasures that can keep us moving in that direction.
So rather than feeling guilty about how much of a struggle it is to keep focused on our end goal, a better strategy is to find (or even create) small “shots” of immediate gratification along the way. Trying to have our rational brain overcome our emotional brain takes a ton of effort. Instead, we should use the here and now to get us where we ultimately want to go.
Rabbi Geoffrey A. Mitelman is the Founding Director of Sinai and Synapses, an organization that bridges the scientific and religious worlds and is being incubated at Clal – The National Jewish Center for Learning and Leadership. He was ordained by the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion and served as Assistant and then Associate Rabbi of Temple Beth El of Northern Westchester. In addition to My Jewish Learning, he’s written for The Huffington Post, Science and Religion Today, and WordPress.com. He lives in Westchester with his wife, Heather Stoltz, a fiber artist, and their daughter and son.